The technologies employed by companies decarbonizing industry generally fall in two categories, 1) Carbon Capture, utilization and Storage (“CCUS”) or Emissions solutions and 2) Low CO₂ alternatives.

1) The CCUS or emissions solutions category includes companies or projects that provide solutions or services focused on CO₂ emissions. These services include various aspects of capturing, transporting and utilizing or storing CO₂ . CO₂ utilization products convert CO₂ into a useful by product, such as e-fuels, concrete, or chemical products, to name a few. The market for CO₂ utilization is rapidly expanding as companies and governments seek emissions reduction solutions.

2) Low CO₂ alternatives: investments include companies with business models that provide market competitive products and aim to deliver lower CO₂ product profiles. Such companies may leverage CCUS with their business models to provide low carbon goods, e.g., zero-emission transportation fuels (e.g., Clean Firm Hydrogen or Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)), as well as smart power or nearly zero-emission power projects (e.g., Clean Firm Power) which can mitigate the intermittency typical of renewable energy sources, and substitute products which offer lower carbon profiles when compared to market alternatives.